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Virtual LAN(VLAN)
Virtual LAN(VLAN) The Formal definition of a virtual local area network (VLAN) as a local area network configured by software, not by physical wiring or connectivity. Above Figure shows the same switched LAN divided into VLANs. The whole idea of VLAN technology is to divide a LAN into logical, instead of physical, segments. A LAN can be divided into several logical LANs, called VLANs. Each VLAN is a work group in the organization. VLANs create broadcast domains. Here two switches are connected. This is a good configuration for a company with two separate buildings. Each building can have its own switched LAN connected by a backbone. People in the first building and people in the second building can be in the same work group even though they are connected to different physical LANs.
Transmission Media
Transmission Media Transmission media are actually located below the physical layer and are directly controlled by the physical layer. Below Figure shows the position of transmission media in relation to the physical layer. The transmission medium is usually free space, metallic cable, or fiber-optic cable. The information is usually a signal that is the result of a conversion of data from another form. Classes of transmission media Guided Media Guided media, which are those that provide a conduit from one device to another, include twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable. Twisted-pair and coaxial cable use metallic (copper) conductors that accept and transport signals in the form of electric current. Optical fiber is a cable that accepts and transports signals in the form of light. Twisted-Pair Cable A twisted pair consists of two conductors (normally copper), each with its own plastic insulation, twisted together. One of the ...
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